On 13 February 2008, the head of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Željko Komšić, stated that the original Dayton Agreement had been lost from the Presidency`s archives. The High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Miroslav Lajčak, said: « I don`t know if the news is sad or funny. » [24] On November 16, 2009, the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs handed over the certified copy of the Dayton Accords to the French Embassy in Sarajevo. The copy was then handed over to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina. [25] The original was found in a private home in Pale in 2017, which led to the arrest of one person. [26] The agreement entrusted a wide range of international organisations with the monitoring, follow-up and implementation of the elements of the agreement. The NATO-led IFOR (Implementation Force) was responsible for implementing the military aspects of the agreement and was appointed on 20 September. It was deployed in December 1995 and took control of the UNPROFOR armed forces. The Office of the High Representative has been entrusted with civilian implementation. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe was mandated to organize the first free elections in 1996. [5] The agreement is known as the Dayton Agreement because negotiations took place at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio.

The trial was led by Richard Holbrooke, the U.S.`s top peace negotiator, and Secretary of State Warren Christopher. On the 13th. In October 1997, the Croatian Party of Law of 1861 and the Right-Wing Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina of 1861 requested the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina to annul several decisions and to uphold a decision of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and, more importantly, to review the constitutionality of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, alleging that: that the agreement violates the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina. in a way that undermines the integrity of the State and could lead to the dissolution of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Court concluded that it did not have the power to resolve the dispute relating to those decisions, as the applicants were not subjects identified in Article VI(3)(a) of the Constitution on those who could bring an action before the Court. The court also rejected the other request: the immediate purpose of the agreement was to freeze the military confrontation and prevent its resumption. It has therefore been defined as the « construction of necessity ». [11] Dayton Agreement, a peace agreement concluded on November 21, 1995 by the presidents of Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia, ended the war in Bosnia and defined a general framework agreement for peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

It preserved Bosnia as a single state composed of two parties, the Bosnian Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska, leaving Sarajevo as its undivided capital. This was one of the first cases in which the Court had to address the question of the legal nature of the Constitution. By making this remark in the manner of an obiter dictum in relation to Annex IV (the Constitution) and the rest of the peace agreement, the Court in fact created « the basis of the legal unity »[9] of the entire peace agreement, which further implied that all annexes are included in hierarchical equality. In subsequent decisions, the Court confirmed this by using other annexes to the Peace Agreement as a direct basis for the analysis, and not only in the context of the systematic interpretation of annex IV. However, since the Court rejected the applicants` application, it did not specify the controversial issues of the legality of the procedure by which the new Constitution (Annex IV) entered into force and replaced the old Constitution of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The court used the same reasoning to dismiss the similar action in a later case. [10] The agreement invites a multinational military execution force, IFOR, under NATO command, to Bosnia and Herzegovina with a permit granted by the United Nations. These three parties, together with Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, agree not to import arms for 90 days and not to import heavy weapons, ammunition with heavy weapons, mines, military aircraft and helicopters for 180 days or until the entry into force of an arms control agreement.

After a initialling in Dayton, Ohio, on 21 November 1995, the full and formal agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995[4] in the presence of Spanish Prime Minister Felipe Gonzalez, French President Jacques Chirac, US President Bill Clinton, British Prime Minister John Major, German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and Russian Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin. For the peace agreement to work, it must be implemented. This required the support of other countries. Six days after the agreement was initialled, President Clinton took his case to the American people for U.S. involvement in Bosnia. Clinton said from the Oval Office that U.S. diplomacy produced the Dayton agreement and that U.S. troops were invited to help the parties implement the peace plan. He said peace in the Balkans was in America`s interest and assured the American people that since 25 other nations had already agreed to participate in a 60,000-strong force, only a third of the troops would be Americans. The Bosnian peace plan was hard-won, but it would end four bloody years that claimed the lives of more than 250,000 people and caused more than two million people to flee. The final agreement was a tribute to the skills of Holbrooke and his negotiating team; Foreign Minister Christopher, who made a decisive and essential contribution to keeping the Bosniaks on board and to concluding the agreement; Anthony Lake, who helped sell the peace initiative to the parties concerned and who, along with Holbrooke, lobbied for the final talks to take place in the United States; Deputy National Security Advisor Samuel Berger, who chaired meetings of the Committee of Deputies that kept participants in other countries` national security operations informed of what was happening without allowing too much interference; and to the United Nations ambassador, Madeleine Albright, who effectively advocated for the strong position of the United States in the world organization. In an effort to capitalize on the shift in momentum, President Clinton sent National Security Advisor Anthony Lake and Under Secretary Peter Tarnoff to Europe to create a framework for peace.

The United States has also made a significant change in its policy of airstrikes against Serbs if it continues to threaten Bosnian security zones or refuses to negotiate a deal. IFOR will have the right to monitor and ensure compliance with the Agreement on Military Aspects and to perform certain support tasks. IFOR shall have the right to carry out its mission vigorously, including by force if necessary. It will have unhindered freedom of movement, control of airspace and the protective status of the armed forces. If the Parties do not set limits for these categories within 180 days, the Agreement provides for the entry into force of certain limits for the Parties. The general framework agreement with 11 annexes was officially signed in Paris on 14 December by the parties and witnesses of President Clinton, French President Jacques Chirac, British Prime Minister John Major, German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and Russian Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin. The agreement called on Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to commit themselves to full respect for the sovereign equality of others and to the settlement of disputes by peaceful means. In addition, the parties agreed to fully respect human rights and the rights of refugees and displaced persons.

Finally, the parties agreed to cooperate fully with all entities, including those authorized by the United Nations Security Council, in the implementation of the peace settlement and in the investigation and prosecution of war crimes and other violations of international humanitarian law. In late August 1995, following a Bosnian Serb attack in Sarajevo, NATO carried out airstrikes on Serb positions. On September 1, Holbrooke announced that all parties would meet in Geneva for talks. When the Bosnian Serbs did not meet all NATO conditions, NATO airstrikes resumed. On September 14, Holbrooke managed to reach an agreement signed by Bosnian Serb leaders Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić to end the siege of Sarajevo and create the framework for the final peace talks that will begin in Dayton, Ohio. The main objective of the agreement is to promote peace and stability in Bosnia and Herzegovina and to promote regional balance in and around the former Yugoslavia (Article V, Annex 1-B), i.e. from a regional perspective. [5] Peace has endured since the signing of the Dayton Accords. Annex 4 of the General Framework Agreement remains the Constitution for Bosnia and Herzegovina and remains the basis of Bosnia and Herzegovina`s current political divisions and governmental structure. The agreement also laid the groundwork for NATO military action in Kosovo in 1999, which has since led to the province`s independence. Serbian leader Milošević was arrested for war crimes and died of natural causes during his trial in 2006. The war in Croatia lasted until January 1992, when an unconditional ceasefire established a restless peace between the Croatian government and ethnic Serbs.

The war between Croats and Bosniaks ended with the signing of the Washington Agreement in March 1994 and formed an uncomfortable alliance known as the Bosnian-Croatian Federation. Meanwhile, fighting continued between Bosnian Croat forces and Serbs, despite international efforts to achieve a permanent ceasefire, including a no-fly zone, a fire-free zone around Sarajevo and humanitarian operations. In February 1994, during NATO`s first use of force, NATO fighters shot down four Serbian planes that violated the no-fly zone. .